Part IV 完形填空

Cloze · 10 分

In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer for each blank.

Cloze (10 points) choices marked, A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. The history of transportation is very long and full of changes and inventions. It starts with walking, which is not any invention; it just takes energy. People used to walk to get to other places. If you wanted to get somewhere quickly, the only way to do that was to run. Actually, the first invention for transportation probably was the shoe. Centuries ago there were no shoes, and people walked barefoot. Then people invented ways to transport themselves and materials from one place to another. In some cultures, people invented sledges (雪橇), which areakind of board that you drag along the ground. You can tie things on the sledge to help carry them, but it's a challenging invention since if you hitarock with the sledge as you pull it, the contents can slip off . In other cultures, people invented the wheel, which they used to make it easier to move things — and people. That was the beginning of many innovations in transportation. Once people had wheels they could invent other ways to travel. They could put the wheel onaboard and make itawagon, and then they could fasten that wagon to an ox or a horse and ride as well as carry materials. That wheel led to what we have today: trucks, automobiles, and even boats and planes. For example, there were steamboats that used giant wheels that turned with blades, pushing the water and pushing the boat forward.

译文 / 解析

本文介绍了交通工具的发展史，重点介绍了车轮的发明对人类交通方式变革的影响。

交通工具的历史悠久，充满了变化和发明。最早的交通方式就是走路，这可算不上发明；只需要体力。过去人们总是步行到另一个地方去。如果你想快点到达目的地，唯一的方法就是跑。事实上，最早的和交通工具相关的发明就是鞋。几百年前，是没有鞋穿的，人们都是光脚走路。汇聚英才然后，人们发明了各种交通工具将自己和物品从一地运到另一地。在某些文化中，人们发明了雪橇，这是一种你可以在地面上拖行的板。你可以把东西系在雪橇上来搬运，但是这是一个具有挑战性的发明，因为如果在拉雪橇的过程当中撞到了石头，物品就会滑到地上。在另一些文化中，人们发明了车轮，这使移动东西——还有人变得方便多了。这就是众多交通工具创新的开端。一旦人们有了车轮，他们就可以发明别的工具来进行旅行。他们可以把车轮放到板子上造一辆车，还可以把车套在牛或者马背上，这样就可以骑，也可以拉东西。车轮也造就了我们今天拥有的工具：卡车、汽车，甚至是船和飞机。例如，以前有种蒸汽船，利用巨大轮子上的桨叶进行转动，来推开水流让船前进。

1. on
2. at
3. for
4. with
答案 D

本题考查的是介词搭配。start with sth.是固定搭配，意为"以… …开始"。
1. possible
2. only
3. one
4. just
答案 B

本题考查的是词义辨析。possible"可能的";only"唯一的"; one"一个"; just"仅仅"。由于前文提到最早的交通方式是步行，表示没有别的选择，所以这里最适合使用"唯一的"。
1. probably
2. luckily
3. really
4. formerly
答案 A

本题考查的是词义辨析。probably"很有可能地";luckily""幸运地";really"真正地";formerly"之前"。根据开头actually这个词，表示作者接下来要做出某种猜测。四个词代人原句，probably最适合，
1. methods
2. channels
3. ways
4. measures
答案 C

苯题考查的是词义辨析。method"方法";channel"渠道"; ways"方式";measure"措施"。ways of transportation是交通工具，交通方式的意思，属于固定搭配。
1. what
2. when
3. where
4. which
答案 D

本题考查的是关系代词。原句是非限制性定语从句，what不引导非限制性定语从句；when指时间；where指地点；which 指物。此句中，先行词是sledge,是物，用which最合适。
1. unless
2. but
3. even
4. since
答案 D

本题考查的是连词。unless"除非，如果不";but"但是";even "甚至";since"既然，因为"。分别代入原句，只有since符合逻辑，
1. pull out
2. slip off
3. hold down
4. put down
答案 B

本题考查的是词组辨析。pull out"拔，撤离";slip off"滑下来，滑落";hold down"抑制，压制";put down"记下"。原句中说拉雪橇过程中，物品可能会发生的情况，那只有滑落的情况。
1. Once
2. Then
3. However
4. Yet
答案 A

本题考查的是词义辨析。once"一旦";then"那时";however" 然而";yet"还没""。前文说到车轮的发明，说明在车轮之后，有更多的发明出现。once 最符合题意。
1. stick
2. make
3. fasten
4. change
答案 C

本题考查的是动词词义辨析。stick"粘贴"; make"制作"; fasten"系牢，固定";change"改变"。把车和牛马放在一起，只能是套上或者系上，只有fasten符合逻辑。
1. what
2. that
3. which
4. how
答案 A

本题考查的是宾语从句。lead to 后面一般加上名词性成分，表示导致的结果。这里的to是介词，所以后面的关系词不可以用that。which一般指代单数，而后文的例子不止两个。how一般指方式，这里也不合适。综上所述， what最适合。