Part III 阅读理解

Passage One

What did you study at university? If it was something along the lines of law or business, you might want to look away now. That's because according to new research, which has foundalink between our university subjects and our personalities, you have selfish, uncooperative tendencies and are not very in touch with your feelings.

On the plus side, you're probably the life and soul ofaparty, the findings suggest. Researchers analyzed data from more than 13,000 university students who were involved in 12 separate studies. From this, they discoveredacorrelation between the "Big Five" major personality traits and the subjects they were enrolled on.

For example, those studying law, economics, political science and medicine tended to be much more outgoing than those taking other subjects, the study found. But when it came to "agreeableness"—the tendency towards being helpful, generous and considerate—the lawyers scored particularly low, as did business and economics students.

Arts and humanities students, as well as those studying psychology and politics scored highly for openness, meaning they were curious, imaginative and in touch with their inner feelings, while economists, engineers, lawyers and scientists scored comparatively low. However, the arts and humanities students also tended to be less conscientious and more nervous, typically exhibiting signs of anxiety and moodiness.

Psychology students were not far behind arts and humanities students for these traits. Study author Anna Vedel, from the University of Aarhus in Denmark, said she was surprised by the results. "The effect sizes show that the differences found are not trivial, far from," she said. "On the more humorous side they do confirm our more or less prejudicial stereotypes of the disturbed psychologist, the withdrawn natural scientist, the cynical economist." And she said that the findings could help those school pupils who currently have no idea what to study at university, as well as helping academics to plan their lectures.

"I'm not arguing that these results should playamajor role in either guidance or selection, but it might provide some inspiration for students that are in doubt about study choices and want to make a choice based on more than abilities, for example," said Dr. Vedel. "Or teachers might better understand their student population."

21. The first paragraph implies that law or business students may .

    1. be amused by the research
    2. be interested in the research
    3. dislike the research
    4. enjoy the research

    答案 C

    细节题。题目问的是第一段中文章暗示法学学生或商科 学生可能会怎么样。第二句中，作者提到"如果是和法律或者商业相关 的，那么你现在可以考虑不看本文了",这表明接下来的话可能会让这些 学生感觉很不舒服。果然，下面提到了这些学生身上可能会存在的一些 负面的性格。这肯定是这些学生不喜欢听到的，

22. According to the research, law students scored particularly low in the trait of .

    1. generosity
    2. openness
    3. anxiety
    4. selfishness

    答案 A

    细节题。题目问的是根据研究，法学学生在哪个性格上得分 非常低。第三段中提到，在"agreeableness"上，法学生得分很低。而 agreeableness里面包括了helpful, generous和considerate三方面。四个选项中，A是， generous的名词形式，

23. The word "conscientious" (Para.4) probably means " " .

    1. moody
    2. sensitive
    3. curious
    4. careful

    答案 D

    辨析题。题目问的是第四段的conscientious是什么意思。四个 答案的意思分别是moody"忧郁的";sensitive"敏感的";curious"好奇的" ;careful"小心的，谨慎的"。原句中说less conscientious and more nervous,说明这 个词的意思与nervous"紧张的"是反义，又说nervous会表现出anxiety(焦虑)和 moodiness(忧郁)情绪，因此和这几个意思相关的词语都可以排除。综上所述， 只有D正确，

24. Anna Vedel stated that the research .

    1. confirmed the link between personality and profession
    2. showed that the differences were far from significant
    3. was not reliable because of its prejudicial observation
    4. did not have enough samples to support its findings

    答案 A

    归纳题。题目问的是安娜·韦德尔认为这项研究 。第二 段中提到"研究者发现在'五大'主要性格和学生所上专业之间存在着某 种关联，"即选项A;第五段中提到"研究范围之广表明这些差异并不是细 微的，而是巨大的。"这和选项B相反；同样第五段中，"这些差异多多少 少证明了人们对于有精神病的心理学家、沉默寡言的自然科学家和愤世嫉 俗的经济学家这种偏见性的固有印象"。这和选项C意思相反；第二段 中说"通过对涉及12个专业超过13,000个大学生的数据分析",说明采样 范围很广，人数众多，与选项D相反。

25. According to Ann aVedel, the research may help .

    1. students make wise choices in finding jobs
    2. teachers understand their students better
    3. students make presentations more academically
    4. school pupils go to better universities

    答案 B

    细节题。题目问的是根据安娜·韦德尔的说法，这项研究可以 帮助____。最后一段中，安娜提到项目有两个作用，即：给还在头疼专业 选择并且希望不仅仅以能力为选择标准的学生提供一些建议；教师也可以 更好地了解他的学生的构成状况。浏览四个选项，只有B项属于教师更好 了解学生构成的范畴，

Passage Two

Alph aGo's victory over Go ( 围棋) champion Lee Se-dol reportedly shocked artificial intelligence experts, who thought such an event was 10 to15 years away. But if the timing wasasurprise, the outcome was not. On the contrary, it was inevitable and entirely foreseeable. Playing complex games is precisely what computers do supremely well.

Just as they beat the world champions at checkers ( 跳棋) and then chess, they were destined to beat the champion at Go. Yet Idon't believe, as some do, that human defeats like this one presage an era of mass unemployment in which awesomely able computers leave most of us with nothing to do.

Advancing technology will profoundly change the nature of high-value human skills and that is threatening, but we aren't doomed. The skills of deep human interaction, the abilities to manage the exchanges that occur only between people, will only become more valuable. Three of these skills stand out: The first, the foundation of the rest, is empathy, which is more than just feeling someone else's pain.

It's the ability to perceive what another person is thinking or feeling, and to respond in an appropriate way. The second is creative problem-solving in groups. Research on group effectiveness shows that the key isn't team cohesion or motivation or even the smartest member's IQ; rather, it's the social sensitivity of the members, their ability to read one another and keep anyone from dominating.

The third critical ability, somewhat surprisingly, is storytelling, which has not traditionally been valued by organizations. Charts, graphs and data analysis will continue to be important, but that's exactly what technology does so well. To change people' s minds or inspire them to act, tell themastory.

These skills, though basic to our humanity, are fundamentally different from the skills that have been the basis of economic progress for most of human history, such as logic, knowledge and analysis, which we learned from textbooks and in classrooms. By contrast, the skills of deep human interaction address the often irrational reality of how human beings behave, and we find them not in textbooks but inside ourselves.

As computers master ever more complexity, that' s where we'll find the source of our continued value.

26. According to the author, Alph aGo's victory .

    1. could have happened earlier
    2. came asapleasant surprise
    3. was an expected result
    4. was moreamatter of luck

    答案 C

    细节题。题目问的是根据作者所说，Alph aGo的胜利 。根 据第一段最后一句"这个结果是不可避免的，是完全可以预见的",说明这个胜 利是科学家已经预想到的。

27. The word " presage" (Para.2) is closest in meaning to " ".

    1. survive
    2. suffer
    3. invent
    4. predict

    答案 D

    辨析题。题目问的是第二段中的presage一词最接近 的意思。 四个选项：survive"生存"；suffer"受折磨";invent"发明";predict"预测"。 根据后文描述可知是某种未来的景象；最后一句中用doomed有注定的意思。都 表明这是对未来的某种看法。综上所述，presage是预测的意思，和predict意思 最接近。

28. What is the author's attitude towards the human future in face of technology?

    1. Unclear.
    2. Confused.
    3. Worried.
    4. Optimistic.

    答案 D

    归纳题。题目问的是作者对人类未来面对科技发展的态度。第二 段中最后一句提到"先进的科技将会彻底改变高技术含量的人类技能的本质， 这是很可怕，但是我们并没有万劫不复。"可知，虽然作者承认未来很严峻， 但他并没有失去信心。前三个选项都是消极的态度，不符合题意。

29. Which of the following is the most fundamental to human interaction?

    1. Social sensitivity of group members to understand each other.
    2. Strong ability to share people's feelings and respond.
    3. Team spirit to make sure that everyone is involved.
    4. Inspirational storytelling to motivate people to act.

    答案 B

    归纳题。题目问的是下列哪项是对人类互动最重要的。第三段中 "第一作为其他技能基础的移情作用，这远不止仅仅感受他人的痛苦。这是一 种感知他人思考或感受，并做出适当反应的能力",说明移情作用是最重要的技 能，也就是感受他人情感并做出反应，即B项。

30. According to the author, the skills of deep human interaction .

    1. are the source of true human values in the future
    2. can work with knowledge to make the world better
    3. are similar to the skills of human logic and analysis
    4. can be learned from textbooks and in classrooms

    答案 A

    归纳分析题。题目问的是根据作者所说，深层人类互动的技能 _____。这是对全文主旨的概括，必须将所有选项都看懂，然后看是否和文章 相对应。A项"是未来人类价值的来源",在最后一句中提到；B项"通过知识 让世界更美好",在文中没有反映；C项"和逻辑分析能力类似",与最后一段中 所述相矛盾；D项"可以通过课本和在课堂学到",也与最后一段表述不符。故 选A。 【高频词汇】 inevitable adj. 不可避免的 doomed,adj.注定的 foreseeable adj. 可预见的 artificial intelligence 人工智能 era n.时代 interaction n; 互动 appropriate adj. 合适的 cohesion n. 凝聚 irrational adj.不理性的 【难句解析】 These skills, though basic to our hum

Passage Three

Last year, I went WWOOFing (Willing Workers on Organic Farms) atabeautiful organic farm in La Reunion. With WWOOFing, volunteers exchange their time and work for food and accommodation. I slept inacabin in the woods with hedgehogs (刺猬) digging about in the bushes, all different coloured birds singing in the morning and endless rows of palm trees offering shade from the sun.

For me, one of the best ways to get to knowanew place is to work with the land, live with the locals and share meals together. This is why Iabsolutely love WWOOFing. It has got to be one of the best ways to travel. It isamutually beneficial exchange where everyone involved prioritizes people and environment above profit.

You get the time and space to deepenaconnection with local communities and nature. There isalot to learn and each farm has its own unique way of doing things, depending on the environment, climate and soil. At the farm in La Reunion we planted palm trees to harvest the core of the trunk which can be eaten in salads.

Before staying with the farm Ihad only eaten heart of palm from cans which were nothing in comparison to the real thing, fresh from the ground. When potting up the very beginnings of the palm trees, I felt grateful to be a part of the start of the trees' cycle. I was filled with awe that something so small could grow into something so big and strong.

We also did lots of weeding, which helped me to get to know all kinds of different plants, to be able to identify which ones we could use as herbs/medicine/in salads and which were seen as uneatable. I also got to harvest pineapples and guava fruit (番石榴) to make jams which will be sold at the local market.

Of course, not everyone is able to travel far away into the field. The great thing about the skill-share philosophy behind WWOOFing is that it's something we can all do from our own backyard. The focus shifts from money to how we can best support each other in our communities. A fair exchange can makeabig difference in the world.

31. WWOOFing enables volunteers to .

    1. get food and shelter for their work
    2. travel around La Reunion for free
    3. tell the differences between various birds
    4. have close contact with wild animals

    答案 A

    细节题。题目问的是WWOOFing可以让志愿者 。第一段第二 句"通过WWOOFing,志愿者用自己的劳动和时间换取当地的食宿。"可知， WWOOFing可以让志愿者通过劳动获得食宿。

32. The author found his farm life in La Reunion quite .

    1. awful
    2. rewarding
    3. comfortable
    4. difficult

    答案 C

    归纳题。题目问的是作者发现留尼旺的农业生活很 。第一 段最后，作者介绍了自己的生活环境："我住在林间一个小屋，有小刺猬在灌木 丛中挖洞，清晨有各种颜色的鸟儿唱着歌，大片的棕榈树为我在烈日中提供阴凉, 从描述中，我们可以看出他很满意自己的农业生活，非常舒适。awful"可怕的"; rewarding"有回报的";comfortable"舒服的";difficult"困难的"。综上所述，C最 合适，

33. The author did all of the following on the organic farm EXCEPT .

    1. removing weeds
    2. planting palm trees
    3. harvesting fruits
    4. collecting vegetables

    答案 D

    细节题。题目问的是作者在有机农场做了下述工作，除了 。根据第三段和第四段，可知作者在留尼旺种过棕榈树(B项),除草(A项), 收获菠萝和番石榴(C项),只有收菜没有做过。

34. The philosophy of WWOOFing is to .

    1. improve local environment
    2. make locals live better
    3. unite different communities
    4. advocateafair exchange

    答案 D

    归纳题。题目问的是WWOOFing的理念是 。根据定位句 可知，WWOOFing的理念是劳动可以在自家后院进行。劳动的重点不是拿钱， 而是我们如何在社区中为彼此提供最好的支持。一个公平的交换会给世界带 来大不同。综观各选项，D项"支持公平交换"与题意相符，

35. This passage is mainly about .

    1. the development of WWOOFing
    2. a local WWOOFing community
    3. a charming WWOOFing experience
    4. the system of WWOOFing

    答案 C

    归纳题。题目问的是这篇文章的大意是 。A项"WWOO -Fing"发展历程，文中没有提到；B项"一个当地WWOOFing社区",这并不是本 文 的重点；C项"一次很棒的WWOOFing经历",本文的确是关于作者的个人 WWOOFing的经历；D项"WWOOFing体系",本文并没有进行详细介绍。综上 所述，

Passage Four

Experts say distracted walking isagrowing problem, as people of all ages become more dependent on electronic devices for personal and professional matters. They also note pedestrian deaths have been rising in recent years. In 2005, 11% of all U.S. deaths involved pedestrians, but that number rose to 15% in 2014.

The rise in deaths coincides with states introducing bills that target pedestrians. Some states, such as Hawaii, Arkansas, Illinois, Nevada and New York, continue to introduce legislation every year. The measure recently introduced by New Jersey assembly woman Pamela Lampitt would ban walking while texting and prohibit pedestrians on public roads from using electronic communication devices unless they are hands-free.

Violators would face fines of up to $50, 15-day imprisonment or both, which is the same penalty as jaywalking (乱穿马路). Half of the fine would be allocated to safety education about the dangers of walking while texting, said Lampitt. Some see the proposal as an unnecessary government overreach, while others say they understand Lampitt's reasoning.

But most agree that people need to be made aware of the issue. "Distracted pedestrians, like distracted drivers, presentapotential danger to themselves and drivers on the road," Lampitt said. "An individual crossing the road distracted by their smartphone presents just as much danger to motorists as someone jaywalking and should be held, at minimum, to the same penalty." The main question raised about the measure, though, is whether it can be enforced consistently by police officers who usually have more pressing matters to deal with.

Some feel that rather than imposinganew law, the state should focus on distracted-walking education. Lampitt said the measure was needed to stop and penalize "risky behavior". She cited aNational Safety Council report that showed distracted-walking incidents involving cellphones accounted for an estimated 11,101 injuries from 2000 to 2011.

The study foundamajority of those injured were female and most were 40 or younger. Talking on the phone was the most prevalent activity at the time of injury, while texting accounted for 12%. Nearly 80% of the injuries occurred as the result ofafall, while 9% occurred from the pedestrian strikingamotionless object.

36. This passage is mainly concerned with .

    1. the difficulty in enforcing road regulations
    2. rising deaths caused by distracted walking
    3. the dangers of jaywalking on busy streets
    4. distracted walking involving smartphones

    答案 B

    归纳题。题目问的是本文主要是关于 。A项"加强道路法规的 困难",文中没有提到；B项"由于走路时分神造成日益增加的死亡人数",与第一段 "他们还注意到行人死亡的数量近年来日益增长。"相符；C项"在繁忙的大街上乱 穿马路的危险",文中虽有提及，但是是拿来和走路分神做类比的，不是本文重点；D 项"与智能手机相关的走路分神现象",本文有提到智能手机在分神中的角色，但 只是走路分神的一个原因，不是本文重点。综上所述，

37. The states introducing bills that target pedestrians .

    1. have benefited from the bills
    2. find it hard to carry them out
    3. have been promoting the legislation
    4. will have fewer deaths of pedestrians

    答案 C

    归纳题。题目问的是制订针对行人的法律的州 。根据第二段" 有些州，例如夏威夷、阿肯色、伊利诺斯、内华达和纽约，每年都会制定相关法规", 说明很多州都持续加强相关法规，和C项相符，

38. According to the measure proposed by Lampitt, walking while texting would .

    1. become illegal
    2. involve safety education
    3. be blamed publicly
    4. incurafine of over $50

    答案 A

    细节题。题目问的是根据兰皮特提出的措施，走路发短信有可能第 三段中"新泽西州女议员帕梅拉·兰皮特最近提出的措施将会禁止走路时发短 信及禁止在公路上的行人使用电子通信产品，除非他们双手是空闲的",一旦 该措施通过就会变成新泽西的一项法律，那么违反了就是违法行为，因此A正确。

39. Lampitt reasons that distracted pedestrians are as dangerous as .

    1. motorists
    2. speeding drivers
    3. jaywalkers
    4. drunk drivers

    答案 C

    细节题。题目问的是兰皮特认为分神的行人和哪些人一样危险。 定位句提到了"一个被智能手机分神的过马路者对司机来说，造成的危险和乱 穿马路的人是一样的，并将面临同样的处罚",由此可知兰皮特是将分神的行 人与乱穿马路的人相提并论，

40. Which of the following would the author of the passage most probably agree with?

    1. Males are more vulnerable to distracted-walking injuries.
    2. Police officers are unhappy with the proposed law.
    3. Safety education is more important than penalty.
    4. Rising distracted-walking incidents call for real attention.

    答案 D

    归纳题。题目问的是下列哪项是作者最有可能赞同的。A项"在走 路时分神造成的受伤事故中，男性更易受伤",这与最后一段"这项研究发现 大多数受伤者是女性"不符；B项"警察对该提案不满"",第五段虽然提到 警察，但并没有描写他们的态度，因此不对；C项"安全教育比刑罚更重要", 第五段中说到"有人认为与其强加一个法令，州政府应该将重点放在走路时分 神的安全教育上",但这是部分人的意见，所以不能以偏概全；D项"益增长的 走路分神事故需要我们的切实关注",与第四段中"绝大多数人都同意人们需要认识到 这个问题的重要性。"相符。综上所述，

Blog and Comments

The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. The saying "Clothes Make the Man" dates back some 400 years and it refers to the fact that when people seeawell-dressed person, they assume that person isaprofessional, capable, and (especially in the old days) rich.

Therefore, you had to dress like how you wanted to be perceived, what you wanted to eventually achieve. Fast forward 400 years, lots of folks still think the same way. But does it really makeadifference? I happen to be one of those who do not put faith in the old saying. I suppose Imight be in the minority but Iamamember of an elite club with the likes of Steve Jobs and Bill Gates in my camp.

Perception is not reality; perception is halfway to discovering reality. Perception is drawn from our own impressions, our own belief systems. Is it powerful and influential? Absolutely! Is it all that it seems? Less often than you think. How many times have you cast an initial judgment only to surprise yourself later and learn how you missed out onagreat opportunity, person or idea?

41. Which of the following might the writer of the passage agree with?

    1. Steve Jobs and Bill Gates dress formally.
    2. We should not judgeaperson by his clothing.
    3. It is clothes that make the man.
    4. The well-dressed are more likely to succeed.

    答案 B

    归纳题。题目问的是下列哪项是作者最有可能赞同的。A项"斯蒂芬·乔 布斯和比尔·盖茨都穿得很正式",文中提到了两个人但并没有对他们的衣着进行评 价；B项"我们不应该根据一个人的衣着来对他进行判断",从第三段"感知并不 是事实；它只是发现事实的一个步骤。"可知，衣着属于感知范畴，并不能代表这个 人真实的样子；C项"人靠衣装",这是文章开头提出的一句话，但只是用来引入作者 的观点，并不是全文的主题；D项"衣着体面的人通常更容易成功",文中并未提到。 综上所述，B正确。

42. According to the writer of the passage, perception .

    1. might prove wrong
    2. is powerful and reliable
    3. is half reality
    4. might be worthless to us

    答案 A

    细节题。题目问的是根据博主，感知 。根据第三段"事实和看 起来是一样的吗?跟你的感觉相比，经常是不一样的。"可知，感知和事实很有 可能是相反的，A项符合。

43. The writer of Commentlseems to .

    1. dislike the way Steve Jobs dressed for business occasions
    2. suggest that business people have no taste in clothing
    3. believe that the well-dressed are the most successful
    4. think that Steve Jobs' casualness reflected his self-confidence

    答案 D

    细节题。题目问的是第一篇评论的作者看起来 。根据评 论1中"我还听说是他发明了'商务休闲装'的理念。在我看来，这不仅是自信的问 题，也是衣品味的问题。"可知，作者认为乔布斯穿衣服很有自信，是信心的表 现，D项相符。

44. Speaking of Steve Jobs, the writer of Comment 2 .

    1. points out that Steve Jobs wasavery aggressive person
    2. suggests that he and Steve Jobs used to be in the same club
    3. holds the same view as the writer of the passage
    4. thinks Steve Jobs' casualness was carefully thought out

    答案 D

    细节题。题目问的是提到斯蒂芬·乔布斯，评论2的作者 。 根据评论2中"他绝对非常在意别人对他的看法，而且他的外表都是经过精心设 计来取得他想要的效果。"可知，作者认为乔布斯的衣着都是有计划和设计的， D项相符。

45. When he went to the dinner party in jeans (Comment 3), the philosopher .

    1. thought that people liked his clothes
    2. was not aware of how his clothes looked
    3. felt quite embarrassed
    4. considered himself out of place

    答案 B

    细节题。题目问的是当他穿着牛仔裤去参加晚宴时(评论3),这个 哲学家____。根据评论3"当被问及是否因为衣着感觉格格不人的时候，他环顾 了四周回答说自己根本没注意这事。"可知，哲学家根本没注意这些事情，B项相 符。