Part III 阅读理解

Passage One

Alice Paul Tapper was onafourth-grade field trip last year when she noticed something that bothered her. The girls were standing in the back of the room, listening politely as the guide spoke. The boys crowded together in the front. They raised their hands to respond to questions, even if they didn't know the answer.

Alice, 10, often doesn't raise her hand in class, even if she's pretty sure she knows the answer. She's nervous she'll get it wrong and feel embarrassed. On that field trip, she figured a lot of other girls were probably keeping quiet, too. Alice told her mom what she saw. They talked about how girls are often told to be quiet and polite, while boys are encouraged to be bold and assertive.

Alice and her mom talk about that kind of thingalot. She wants boys and girls to have the same opportunities. "Girls are important, and their ideas are important, " Alice says, "They should be heard. " Alice's mom is the leader of Alice's Girl Scout troop, in Washington, D.C. She and Alice brought the issue up at their next Girl Scout meeting.

Alice found she was right. The other girls said they, too, sometimes hesitated to raise their hands, and they worried that this could hold them back in life. Alice wanted to change that. "Ifagirl raises her hand, it is one step toward becomingagreat leader ," she says. Alice's troop decided to ask the Girl Scouts organization to createanew patch.

The new patch was introduced in October 2017. It is called the Raise Your Hand patch. To earn it, a girl has to do three things. She must pledge to raise her hand in class when she thinks she knows the answer — even if she's not 100% sure. She must recruit three girls to make the same pledge.

And she must talk about how raising her hand makes her feel. So far, more than 5,400 girls have earned the Raise Your Hand patch. They live in every state in the U.S., plus Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Ireland. "Girls are powerful," Alice says. "They should raise their hands so they can release the power inside them.

"

21. What bothered Alice on her field trip last year?

    1. The guide was impolite to the girls.
    2. There were more boys than girls.
    3. The boys made trouble as the guide spoke.
    4. The girls were less responsive than the boys.

    答案 D

    细节题。题目问的是在实地旅行中什么困扰着艾丽丝。第一段中 最后一句提到，男生即使不知道答案也会积极举手回答老师的问题，这也就说 明跟男生相比女生的反应度要差一些，

22. Girls often don't raise their hands in class because they .

    1. don't know the answer pretty well
    2. don't want to get too much attention
    3. are taught to be quiet and polite
    4. are given fewer chances than boys

    答案 C

    细节题。题目问的是女生不举手的原因。根据第二段可知，艾丽 丝不举手是怕犯错会尴尬，从第三段可知，女生从小被教育要保持安静和有礼 貌，男生则是要大胆坚定，

23. The Raise Your Hand patch was created to .

    1. encourage girls to speak up
    2. improve girls' talent for organization
    3. call for more support from girls
    4. highlight the importance of girls

    答案 A

    细节题。题目问的是定制"举手"徽章的目的。根据第五段可知， 这个新徽章的产生是为了鼓励女生多举手，多表达自己的意见，不要总是沉默，

24. The Raise Your Hand patch .

    1. has helped girls become leaders
    2. is popular in some states in the U.S.
    3. is spreading all over the world
    4. has attracted thousands of girls

    答案 D

    推断题。题目问的是这个"举手"徽章 。根据定位句可知， 目前为止已经有5,400多名女生赢得了"举手"徽章，她们来自美国的各个州， 还有的来自加拿大、英国、澳大利亚和爱尔兰。A项帮助女生成为领导，不符 合句意；B项在美国的一些州流行，不全面；C项扩展到全世界，太宽泛；D 项吸引了许多女生的注意，符合句意，

25. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?

    1. A Show of Hands
    2. A Campaign for Equality
    3. The Girl Scouts Organization
    4. The Story of aNew Patch

    答案 D

    主旨题。题目问的是文章的标题。根据全文的内容，艾丽丝通过 实地考察旅行，发现女生都不敢直接表达自己的想法，所以提议用设立新徽章 的方式来鼓励她们像男生一样勇于表达，D项新徽章的故事符合题意，

Passage Two

Stephen Hawking was born on8January, 1942 and grew up in St Albans, the eldest of four brothers and sisters. His father wasaresearch biologist and his motheramedical research secretary, so it was not surprising that he was interested in science. Asastudent he was drawn to physics and maths as he believed they offered the most fundamental insights into the world.

But nothing marked him out as special from his classmates or in his first term at Oxford University. Stephen got first in Physics from Oxford, and started aPhD at Cambridge. His own private universe expanded when he proposed to his future wife. Jane was also from St Albans, and wasamodern languages undergraduate.

She had met Hawking at aNew Year's party, before his diagnosis. The couple decided to marry quickly, because they did not know how long Stephen had to live. As Stephen's health deteriorated, he took to walking with stick. Hawking escaped the limits of his disability by training his mind to work inanew way.

As he started to lose the use of his limbs, he developedaway of visualizing problems in his mind to reachasolution instead of by writing equations. Some of his colleagues have suggested that this way of thinking has led to his greatest discoveries. Hawking was now working on one of science's most bizarre ideas—black holes, an extreme prediction of Einstein's general theory of relativity.

Hawking's work on black boles helped prove the idea of a "Big Bang" at the birth of the Universe. Developed in the 1940s, Big Bang theory was still not accepted by all scientists. Working with mathematician Roger Penrose, Hawking realized that black holes were like the Big Bang in reverse—and that meant the maths he'd used to describe black boles also described the Big Bang.

It wasakey moment in showing the Big Bang really happened. As his body deteriorated, Hawking's career was taking off.

26. Hawking developed an early interest in science because .

    1. his brothers and sisters loved it
    2. he took related lessons asakid
    3. he excelled in maths and physics
    4. his parents influenced him

    答案 D

    细节题。题目问的是霍金早期就表现出对科学的兴趣是因为什么。 根据定位句可知，她的父母都从事着与科学相关的工作，所以他肯定受父母的 影响，

27. What can be learned about Hawking's wife Jane?

    1. She and Hawking came from the same place.
    2. She and Hawking went to the same school.
    3. She married Hawking on New Year's Day.
    4. She didn't know of his disease before their marriage.

    答案 A

    细节题。题目问的是关于霍金的妻子简我们可以得知什么。从定 位句可知简和霍金都是来自圣奥尔本斯。B项他们来自一个学校，不正确；C项 他们新年结婚，也不正确；D项结婚前简不知道霍金的病情，根据文中所述，他 们急着结婚是担心霍金活不了多久，所以不正确。

28. Hawking's self-trained way of working .

    1. helped the recovery of his health
    2. requiredalot of equation writing
    3. relied heavily on mental images
    4. was copied by his colleagues

    答案 C

    细节题。题目问的是霍金自我训练的方式 。通过定位句可知， 他研发了一种不用通过手写方程式而是通过大脑视觉处理来解决问题的方法，因此 需要依靠心智图像，

29. The following statements about the Big Bang theory are true EXCEPT .

    1. Hawking was its founder
    2. it was connected with black holes
    3. Hawking's research supported it
    4. not all scientists agreed with it

    答案 A

    判断题。题目问以下关于大爆炸的哪个说法是不正确的。从定位句可 知，霍金在研究黑洞，但他并不是黑洞的创始人，

30. Asaleading figure in science, Hawking .

    1. lived for fifty-five years
    2. wrote many best-selling novels
    3. led some organizations for the disabled
    4. fought against his disease most of his life

    答案 D

    归纳分析题。题目问的是作为科学的领军人物，霍金___。从全 文可知，霍金从患病到后期病重，都一直没有停止科学研究，也没有停止与 疾病做斗争，

Passage Three

Imagine that you'reafly. You're just looking foraplace to rest, when you seeanice pink leaf. That looks likeanice place to land. As you rest your feet on the leaf, you notice something strange. This leaf is hairy. You begin to make your move, but you trigger the plant's reaction. Snap!

In one-tenth ofasecond, you are caught in the Venus flytrap. You will be digested in five to twelve days. Out of about 391,000 plant species in the world, only 600 or so are carnivorous. We call them this because they attract, trap, and eat bugs. Like other plants, they get energy from the sun.

But unlike other plants, they get their nutrients from their prey ( 猎物). Carnivorous plants live in places where the soil lacks nutrients. Most plants get nutrients from the soil. Carnivorous plants have turned to other sources. Pitcher plants trick their prey into landing on them.

They offer nectar (花蜜) bribes to the foolish insects that would take them. True to their name, pitcher plants have deep chambers. Their landing surface is slippery. They have inward pointing hairs, making it hard to escape. The fly lands on the pitcher plant to eat, but slips intoapit filled with digestive fluids.

Corkscrew plants have inviting stems. Curved hairs line the inside of these stems. These hairs allow insects to go up the stems, but not back. Going forward leads to the plant's stomach. Bugs who wander into the corkscrew plant find that they are unable to escape. They must march to their own death.

And then there are the bladderworts. They live in water and float near the surface. Their traps are like small bladders(囊状物) hidden beneath the water. Only their flowers are visible from the surface. When bugs swim into the trigger hairs, the plant reacts. The bladder sucks up the prey and the water surrounding it.

The prey will be digested within hours.

31. The word "carnivorous" (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to " ".

    1. nutritious
    2. bug-eating
    3. plant-eating
    4. attractive

    答案 B

    释义题。题目问的是carnivorous的意思和哪个最接近。也就 是找同义词。根据定位句，我们这么称呼它们是因为它们迷惑、诱捕并吃掉虫子， 说明这些植物和其他植物不一样，是靠吃虫子为生。

32. Which statement would the author most likely agree with?

    1. There are too many species of carnivorous plants.
    2. There are too few plant species in the world.
    3. Onlyasmall number of plant species are carnivorous.
    4. The majority of plants are carnivorous.

    答案 C

33. Carnivorous plants get their nutrients mainly from .

    1. other plants
    2. the soil
    3. the sun
    4. their prey

    答案 D

    细节题。题目问的是食肉性植物的营养从哪获得。根据定位句， 但是跟其他植物不一样的是，它们通过猎物获得营养。

34. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the third paragraph?

    1. There are many studies of carnivorous plants.
    2. The pitcher plant tricks bugs into its stomach.
    3. The pitcher plant kills its prey in various ways.
    4. Some plants attract bugs by offering them nectar.

    答案 B

    归纳题。题目问的是以下哪个选项能表达第三段的意思。第三段 主要介绍了猪笼草用诱饵诱捕昆虫进入囊中的过程。B 项意为猪笼草诱骗虫子 落人胃中，符合题意，

35. As can be inferred, the corkscrew's chamber for digestion is located .

    1. somewhere towards its root
    2. somewhere towards its top
    3. inside its flowers
    4. inside its leaves

    答案 B

    细节题。题目问的是螺旋狸藻消化囊的位置。通过定位句可知，诱使 昆虫进入迷宫，只能向上不能后退，最后被消化，说明消化囊的位置位于上端，

Passage Four

Serenity (宁静) is difficult to find in today's fast-paced world. A moment of complete calm seems to bearare and wonderful find. For me, those precious moments occur onaboat. As legendary sailor Vito Dumas once said: "It's out there at sea that you are really yourself." On deck, enjoying awe-inspiring views, the cares of everyday life blown away on the sea breeze, you can appreciate his point.

Flying isamisery. From airport chaos to the confined space of an aircraft, nothing about commercial aviation appeals to my sense of adventure—or comfort. Favouring boat travel isn't just about managing flight fear, though. Whether I'm onashort ferry crossing oracruise, the sea providesatrue sense of travel, from the impressive physical shift ofaship leaving port to its navigation of the open water.

"We are tied to the ocean," John F. Kennedy said. As my ship steers towards an exciting new destination, I feel that affinity. And I'm not alone. "The journey is part of the holiday," says travel writer Helen Ochyra. "I'll stand out on deck, whatever the weather, and watch the ropes being untied, the boat slipping away from the dock and the landscape drifting farther and farther away." Tom Bourlet, founder of the Spaghetti Traveller blog, agrees: "Onaplane, it's difficult to make out much more than grassland; on the ferry, there is something exciting about seeing land slowly getting closer." For Cathy Winston, travel editor, it's about the sense of adventure.

"Even onafairly simple journey fromAto B," she says, "wide wide, open sea makes it feel like you could be off to discover new lands. there's acertain romance you don't get onaplane or on a motorway." Winston also values the family-friendly aspects of sea travel. "There's something so relaxing about being on the water, especially with kids," she says.

Whether it's for kid-happy convenience or sheer romance, boats will always be the preferred mode of transport for many travellers. A boat gets me where Iwant to go, avoiding the rush—and terror—of air travel. And out on the waves, as reality melts away, I always rediscover my own passion for the sea.

36. Which aspect of sea travel is emphasized in the first paragraph?

    1. Extraordinary view.
    2. Complete freedom.
    3. Peace of mind.
    4. Sense of adventure.

    答案 C

    细节题。题目问的是第一段提到海上旅行的什么特点。根据定位 句可知，在生活节奏飞快的今天宁静是很难找到的，完全平静的时刻似乎是一 个罕见而奇妙的发现。这两句主要说的是大海可以跟人们带来平 静，

37. The word "affinity" (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to " ".

    1. strong emotion
    2. close connection
    3. sheer excitement
    4. impressive moment

    答案 B

    辨析题。题目问的是affinity的意思。根据定位句可知，我们与大海 是相联系、是一体的，所以后句提到感受到的affinity应该是"密切关系"的意思，

38. Who is deeply impressed while watching the boat leaving the dock?

    1. Helen Ochyra.
    2. Vito Dumas.
    3. Cathy Winston.
    4. John F. Kennedy.

    答案 A

    细节题。题目问的是看着船驶离码头，谁有深刻的印象。根据第 三段内容可知，本段是关于旅行作家海伦·奥奇拉的感受。

39. According to Tom Bourlet, sea travel is better than air travel in that it .

    1. enables people to engage in deeper thought
    2. gives passengersabetter chance to relax
    3. providesamore comfortable environment
    4. offersaclearer view of the landscape

    答案 D

    细节题。题目问的是汤姆·布里特认为乘船出行比乘飞机出行好 在哪里。根据定位句，他认为在船上看着陆地慢慢靠近是一件令人兴奋的事情。 因此，能使人更清晰地欣赏岸上的风景，

40. According to the last two paragraphs, sea travel has all the following benefits EXCEPT .

    1. being family-friendly
    2. satisfying an adventurous heart
    3. promotingahealthy lifestyle
    4. providing relaxation

    答案 C

    辨析题。题目问的是下列哪项不是乘船出行的好处。A项"对家庭 友好"和B项"满足冒险精神"是第五段凯西·温斯顿提出的，D项"让人放松"在最后 一段提到，只有C项"提供一种健康的生活方式"文中未提，

Blog and Comments

The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. At SXSW, the tech and culture conference in Austin, London Mayor Sadiq Khan criticized big tech companies and regulators for failing to stem the spread of hate, misinformation and radical viewpoints online.

The mayor said that governments have been in "dereliction of duty" when it comes to passing regulations to combat the ways technology has negatively affected society. "One of the biggest problems over the last few years is that politicians and governments have just been passive—sitting on their hands—while the tech revolution has happened around them, " Khan said in his remarks.

Ultimately, he said, it's up to governments to work with technology businesses and leaders to make sure that technological advancement has the proper checks. Social media firms are already under new regulatory pressure in Europe, thanks to German laws enacted in January that will fine companies that don't take down problematic content within 24 hours of it being reported.

Khan did not call for this type of regulation but warned that even stricter regulation could be on its way if companies don't respond to government concerns. "Ultimately—there must be greater responsibility taken by some tech companies for the impact they're having on the world."

41. The word "dereliction" (Para. 2) probably means " ".

    1. deliberate neglect
    2. potential abuse
    3. constant misjudgment
    4. apparent misunderstanding

    答案 A

    细节题。题目问的是dereliction 的意思是 。根据定位句可知， 过去几年最大的问题之一是在发生技术革命的时候，政客和政府很消极，处于 袖手旁观的状态。所以dereliction的意思应为袖手旁观、玩忽职守，A项符合句意。

42. What does Khan emphasize with his remarks in the last paragraph?

    1. Strict British regulation.
    2. German-style regulatory laws.
    3. Government-industry cooperation.
    4. Self-regulation of the industry.

    答案 D

    细节题。题目问的是最后一段中汗在评论中强调了什么。通过第 五段中市长的表述可知，他主要是想通过德国的监管法律来警告科技公司去自行 监管，否则政府将会出台更加严格的监管措施。D 项"产业的自我监管"符合题意。

43. According to Comment 1, who is to blame for the spread of misinformation?

    1. Businesses.
    2. Individuals.
    3. Government officials.
    4. Industry leaders.

    答案 B

    细节题。题目问的是评论1 中认为谁应该为传播错误信息负责。根 据定位句可知，这个问题的核心是个人，是他们自行选择是否"上传",所以个人应 该为传播错误信息负责，

44. Which of the comments favors strict government regulation?

    1. Comment 2.
    2. Comment 3.
    3. Comment 4.
    4. Comment5.

    答案 C

    细节题。题目问的是哪个评论支持政府严格监管。根据定位句可知， 在没有严厉监管约束下的自我监管是行不通的，

45. Which comments agree with Khan on the role of tech companies?

    1. Comments1and 4.
    2. Comments2and 3.
    3. Comments4and 5.
    4. Comments3and 5.

    答案 D

    细节题。题目问的是哪些评论同意汗关于科技公司作用的说法。 汗认为这些科技公司对世界有很重要的影响，根据评论3和5可知，科技公司的 作用被认可，但在某些方面令人失望，必须做出改变。