Part III 阅读理解

Passage One

If you've ever hostedamouse asahouse guest, you know they can be incredibly clever at finding your food. And that makes sense. "They had to become better in traits like problem solving because we became better at hiding our food from them." Anja Guenther is with the Max Planck Institute in Germany.

She says that battle of the minds has made mice craftier over time. "The longer the mice lived with humans, the better they are at problem-solving." You see, there are more thanadozen subspecies of house mice worldwide. And each began cohabitating with humans at different times in our evolutionary history.

For example... " Mus musculus domesticus. " It began raiding human pantries around 12,000 years ago. " Mus musculus musculus. " Our relationship with them began some 8,000 years ago. " And Mus musculus castaneus. " It's arelative newcomer who began cohabitating only 3,000 to 5,000 years ago.

And that spread in evolutionary life histories, with constituents from all three groups, gave Guenther' s team an opportunity. They gathered 150 mice— representing all three groups— and tested them with seven different food puzzles. Each puzzle was baited with a mealworm, which the mice could only get by pushing or pullingalid, for example, or extractingaball of paper fromatube or opening the window of aLego house.

And they found that the longeramouse variety had lived with humans, the more likely it was to solve these food puzzles. "So, basically, what we are left at, with trying to explain these results that we see, is that the mice really developed higher enhanced cognitive abilities while living with humans.

" The results appear in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B. As the human footprint on the globe expands, Guenther says it' s more important than ever to understand how we influence animal minds to learn why some creatures, like house mice, adapt — while others simply die out.

21. What does "And that makes sense" refer to in the 1st paragraph?

    1. It is reasonable if you find the mice clever.
    2. It is nonsense to find the mice become clever.
    3. There is no evidence that the mice become clever.
    4. The mice is unbelievably clever at finding food.

    答案 A

    推理题。题目问的是第一段中的"And that makes sense"的含义。 make sense本意是指"讲的通,言之有理"。结合上下文,本中that 指代的正是 前一句话所以"And that makes sense"是指"老鼠令人难以置信的聪明是有道 理的"。A选项"如果你觉得老鼠聪明了是有道理的"与文章相符。B 选项" 发现老鼠变得聪明了是无稽之谈",显然是错误的。C选项"没有证据证明老鼠 变得聪明"与文章内容不符。D选项"老鼠在找食物上变得聪明,简置难以置 信",这个表达是正确的,但并没有解释"make sense"的意思。

22. Why does the author mention three groups of house mice?

    1. To prove that the mice are wide-spread.
    2. To prove that the mice are incredibly clever.
    3. To illustrate that each species of house mice lived with humans at different times in history.
    4. To show that the mice exist in our evolutionary history foralong time.

    答案 C

    推理题。题目问的是作者为什么提及家鼠的三大族群。举例的 作用是为了说明观点,作者举例并指出这几天族群与人类共居的时间,正是为了 说明例子前一段所说的:"每种家鼠的亚种在人类进化史的不同时期开始与人 类共存。"

23. In Guenther's experiment .

    1. mice had to put puzzle pieces together
    2. mice needed to overcome obstacles
    3. different mice groups were treated differently
    4. worms were used to develop mice's skills

    答案 B

    细节题。根瑟的团队收集了代表三组鼠种的150只老鼠，用七 种不同的食物拼图对它们进行测试。每个拼图都以一只粉虱为诱饵，例如， 老鼠只能通过推或拉盖子，或从管子里取出一个纸球，或打开乐高玩具屋的 窗户才能得到粉虱。由此可知，在根瑟的实验中，老鼠需要克服各种障碍，

24. The results of the experiment indicate that .

    1. the clevereramouse is, the better relationship it has with humans
    2. the longer the mice live with humans, the better they are at finding food
    3. different varieties of mice have similar cognitive abilities
    4. it is humans who train mice to be cleverer over the years

    答案 B

    细节题。题目的是本次实验能表明什么。通过定位可知"they found"后面的内容就本次实验得出的结论。与B 项吻合，

25. What is the significance of the research on mice?

    1. It contributes to the study of human influence on animals.
    2. It helps humans to find better ways to get rid of mice.
    3. It provides methods to protect various animal species.
    4. It gives evidence to the understanding of animal minds.

    答案 A

    推理题。题问的是研究老鼠的意义。通过文章中心及最后一段 可知，通过对老鼠的研究,让我们更加了解人类对动物的巨天影响,并在最后 一段呼吁"现在比以往任何时候都更应该重视人类对动物的影响"。A选项 说"对老鼠的研究有助于研究人类对动物的影响"符合文章思想。

Passage Two

Today's grandparents are joining their grandchildren on social media, but the different generations' online habits couldn't be more different. The over-55s are joining Facebook in increasing numbers, meaning that they will soon be the site's second biggest user group, with 3.5 million users aged 55--64 and 2.9 million over-65s.

Sheila, aged 59, says, "I joined to see what my grandchildren are doing, as my daughter posts videos and photos of them. It' samuch better way to see what they're doing than waiting for letters and photos in the post. That's how we did it when Iwasachild, but I think I'm lucky. I get to see so much more of their lives than my grandparents did.

" Ironically, Sheila's grandchildren are less likely to use Facebook themselves. Children under 17 are leaving the site—only 2.2 million users are under 17—but they're not going far from their smartphones. Chloe, aged 15, even sleeps with her phone. "It's my alarm clock so Ihave to," she says.

"I look at it before Igo to sleep and as soon as Iwake up." Unlike her grandmother's generation, Chloe's age group is spending so much time on their phones at home that they are missing out on spending time with their friends in real life. Sheila, on the other hand, has made contact with old friends from school she hasn' t heard from in forty years.

" We use Facebook to arrange to meet all over the country," she says. "It's changed my social life completely." Teenagers might have their parents to thank for their smartphone and social media addiction as their parents were the early adopters of the smartphone. Peter, 38 and father of two teenagers, reports that he used to be on his phone or laptop constantly.

"I was always connected and Ifelt like Iwas always working," he says. "How could Itell my kids to get off their phones if Iwas always in front ofascreen myself?" So, in the evenings and at weekends, he takes his SIM card out of his smartphone and puts it into an old- style mobile phone that can only make calls and send text messages.

" I' m not completely cut off from the world in case of emergencies, but the important thing is I'm settingabetter example to my kids and spending more quality time with them." Is it onlyamatter of time until the generation above and below Peter catches up with the new trend foraless digital life?

26. According to the author, the online habits of the aged .

    1. are quite different from the young
    2. have no more difference with their grandchildren
    3. are the same as the young
    4. have no difference with each other

    答案 A

    细节题。题干问的是根据作者所说，老年人的上网习惯问题。 本题的关键是对"couldn't be more different"的理解，它是指"非常不同，有天壤 之别"的意思。所以A选项"与年轻人的上网习惯完全不同"符合文章内容。故 选A。

27. Which of the following is TRUE about Sheila?

    1. She can join her grandchildren's life more conveniently.
    2. She can get involved in her grandchildren's life.
    3. She communicates with her grandchildren through Facebook.
    4. She uses Facebook to communicate with her old friends.

    答案 D

    细节题。题干问的是关于希拉哪一项是正确的。根据第二段第 一句"I joined to see what my grandchildren are doing, as my daughter posts videos and photos of them."可知希拉只是利用脸书来了解外孙们的生活，并没有提到 跟他们联系，也没有提及与他们一起生活。所以A、B、C选项不正确。根据 第四段第二句"Sheila,on the other hand, has made contact with old friends from school she hasn't heard from in forty years."可以判断希拉会用脸书跟老朋友联系。

28. Which of the following is TRUE about the young?

    1. They use Facebook to communicate with friends.
    2. They just take the smartphone as an alarm.
    3. They spend less time with their friends in real life.
    4. They go far away from their smartphones.

    答案 C

    细节题。题干问的是关于年轻一代，哪一项是正确的。根据第 三段第一句"Ironically,Sheila's grandchildren are less likely to use Facebook themselves."可以判断A选项"年轻人用脸书跟朋友交流"不正确。第三段最 后提到的Chloe的例子，她拿手机来当闹钟只是手机不离手的其中一个原因， 而不是仅仅只拿手机当闹钟。并且这只是个例，不能代表年轻一代整体，B选 项不正确。根据第四段第一句"Unlike heir grandmother's generation, Chloe's age group is spending so much time on their phones at home that they are missing out on spending time with their friends in rea

29. What can NOT be learned from paragraph 5?

    1. It's their parents who should be blamed for teenagers' social media addiction.
    2. Teenagers' parents are the first users of smartphones.
    3. Peter try to set an example for his children.
    4. Old-style mobile phone is better than smartphone.

    答案 D

    推理题。题干问的是哪一项不能从第五段中得出。根据第五段 第一句，可知孩子们过度依赖社交媒体要归咎于父母，因为父母是最早的智 能手机的使用者。A、B选项正确，根据第五段最后一句"...but the important thing is I'm settingabetter example to my kids and spending more quality time with them."可知，Peter在以身作则，为孩子们树立榜样。C选项正确。第五段中间 虽然提到Peter周末时间选择了用旧手机替代智能手机，但文中并没有表达" 旧时手机"更好的意思。

30. Which is NOT the author's attitude toward the future of digital life?

    1. People should spend less time on smartphones.
    2. There is stillalong way to go to livealess digital life.
    3. People of all ages should get rid of social media addiction.
    4. It is not necessary for all ages to reduce digital life.

    答案 D

    态度题。题干问的是下面哪一项不是作者对于数字化生活未来 的态度。最后一段作者用了一个一般疑问句，提出各个年龄段的人跟上更少 数字生活的新趋势是否只是时间问题所？以暗含的意思是各个年龄段的人群 都有过长时间使用手机的问题，想要解决需要更多努力，且不仅仅是时间问 题。结合上下文，A、B、C选项都与作者态度一致，只有D选项与本段意思不 符。

Passage Three

In February 2019, The Kaiser Permanent health system announcedanew kind of medical school. The school would be built "from the ground up" to prepare students for the complexities of the U.S. medical system. The curriculum would emphasize cultural competency, patient and provider well-being, mental health and the elimination of socioeconomic disparities in the medical system.

Students would see patients right away, and hands-on learning would replace many lectures. What's more, the first five graduating classes would pay nothing to attend; Kaiser hoped this would attract students more diverse than the typical U. S. medical school's. "The school will help shape the future of medical education, " said Kaiser CEO Bernard J.

Tyson, who died unexpectedly ofaheart attack, about nine months after the announcement. That future feltagood deal more urgent by the time the Kaiser Permanent Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine opened its doors in Pasadena, Calif., in July 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic had put almost every facet of normal life on hold, and the medical system was scrambling to treat millions of patients withanew and terrifying disease, the majority of them black and brown.

The streets were filled with people protesting police brutality and racism, asanation that had long overslept awoke to the disparities woven into almost every American institution. "Our country doesn't just haveapandemic. It also has a renewed recognition of centuries of racism," says Kaiser' s founding dean, Dr.

Mark Schuster. "We need to make sure that our students understand our history. " Kaiser isn't alone there, of course. Medical schools all over the world have had to adjust on the fly, in ways both practical and ideological. First, schools had to figure out how to remotely train students in skills taught hands-on before lockdowns.

Then, in the U. S. , schools were also forced to grapple with their roles inahealth care system that often fails to keep Black and brown patients well. That meant learning how to produce doctors who could help chip away at those disparities moving forward. With no warning and no instruction manual, medical schools are figuring out how to trainageneration of postpandemic doctors foraworld still taking shape.

31. What kind of students does NOT The Kaiser want to develop?

    1. They should have profound cultural competency.
    2. They should know how to let the patients feel easy during the cure process.
    3. They should improve their physical health.
    4. They should help those who have low socioeconomic status.

    答案 C

    细节题。题目问的是哪一种学生不是恺撒学院想培养的。根据 定位句,恺撒学院的课程侧重文化能力、病人和医生的康乐、心理健康和消除 医疗系统中的社会经济差距。A、B、D 项与文章内容一致。C 选项说他们要 改善他们的身体状况,与原文中不符。

32. What is the teaching mode in Kaiser Permanent?

    1. Face to face teaching.
    2. Practical study together with teacher.
    3. Online learning.
    4. Traditional study.

    答案 B

    细节题。题目问的是恺撒学院的教学模式是什么样的。根据定 位句可知他们的学习方式不是听讲座,也不仅仅是跟老师面对面学习,还可以由 老师带着直接接触到病人。

33. What does "more urgent" mean in the first sentence in paragraph 3?

    1. The medical system of the U.S. becomes even worse.
    2. The COVID-19 needs more doctors.
    3. Police brutality and racism arouse social protests.
    4. The COVID-19 and social problems calls for more good doctors.

    答案 D

    推理题。题目问的是第三段第一句中"more urgent"的意思。根据 上下文,之所以说更紧急是因为在2020 年7月伯纳德·J·泰森医学院开学后,美国 由于可知，新冠疫情和人们反对警察暴力执法和种族歧视的抗议活动,使得恺 撒学院的培养任务更加迫切。综合判断,D 选项与文章内容更一致。

34. What does Dr. Mark Schuster's remarks indicate?

    1. Together with the pandemic, the future doctors should also understand the development of social problems.
    2. Americans should solve the racial problem immediately.
    3. The racism has existed for centuries without awareness.
    4. Doctors have to learn history.

    答案 A

    推理题。题目问的是马克·舒斯特博士发言的含义。根据定位句 可知,马克·舒斯特博士强调的是美国面临的不仅有新冠疫情问题,还有种族问题, 他们要培养的学生这两个方面都要学习。

35. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

    1. Kaiser is the only school in the world trying to makeachange.
    2. Students should also be trained on professional ethics.
    3. The blacks and brown should chip away at those inequalities.
    4. They have definite plans to train postpandemic doctors.

    答案 B

    推理题。题目问的是最后一段中我们可以得出什么。根据第四 段第一句可知,恺撒并不是唯一面对社会变化做出调整的学校,A 与原文不符。 根据最后一段倒数第二句可知,学生们也要培养职业道德破除社会不平等,B 与 原文相符。根据最后一段倒数第三句可知,恺撒学院培养的学生要消除种类歧 视,故C选项表述错误。根据最后，句可知,他们对于培养学生也没有什么可借 鉴的经验,也是一个探索的过程,所以D表述不正确。

Passage Four

While studying for his masters degree at Queens College, Oxford, he developed the character of Mr. Bean, whom Atkinson described as " a child inagrown man' s body. " Often wearing his trademark tweed jacket, a red tie, andadigital calculator watch, the title character Mr. Bean, played by Rowan Atkinson, rarely talks, but everything he does is absurd and funny.

When he does speak, he usually utters onlyafew mumbled words in a comically low-pitched voice. This visually based style sets actor Rowan apart from most modern comedians who mainly rely on dialog or monolog. Because of his natural gift for silent comedy or physical comedy, Rowan is called "the man with the rubber face." Rowan also playedaverbally bumbling priest, called Father Gerald, in the movie Four Weddings and aFuneral (19 94 ), and in the Disney's movie The Lion King, he featured the voice of Zazu, the red-billed hornbill, and sang the song "I Just Can't Wait to Be King".

He is also famous for his detective roles in the James Bond parody Johnny English (2003) and its sequel Johnny English Reborn (2011). Rowan is surely best known for his roles in Mr. Bean. Nonetheless, in November 2012, he expressed his intentions to retire his beloved character, Mr.

Bean. He told The Daily Telegraphs Review that " someone in their50sbeing childlike becomesalittle sad. " Will humorous Mr. Bean starring Rowan Atkinson really disappear completely from the stage? His fans are expectinganew animated web-series featuring Mr. Bean with Rowan Atkinson returning to the role to be released online.

On August 30, 2014, the news about the death of the talented 59-year-old actor, and comedian Rowan Atkinson spread quickly on Facebook. Fans of this much loved comedian across the world expressed their deep sadness on the Facebook page. Thankfully, the report about the actors death turned out to beacomplete hoax, and Rowan Atkinson is still alive and well.

36. Which description is NOT the trait of Mr. Bean?

    1. He isalittle childlike.
    2. He hasatypical dressing style.
    3. He usually uses physical expression.
    4. He is glad to bring laughter to others.

    答案 D

    细节题。题目问的是哪一项描述的不是憨豆先生的特点。根据 第一段前的陈述可知,憨豆先生是有点孩子气的,有标志性的着装,很少用语言表 达更多是用肢体动作。故ABC的描述都是符合的。D选项"憨豆先生喜欢给大 家带来笑声",根据文章,憨豆先生其实不是喜欢,而是他不自觉的行为令别人觉 得荒唐可笑。

37. What does "rubber face" mean in paragraph 1?

    1. Mr. Bean has rich facial expressions.
    2. Mr. Bean is so different from other actors.
    3. Mr. Bean is not as natural as others.
    4. Mr. Bean has rigid reactions.

    答案 A

    细节题。题目问的是第一段中"rubber face"的含义。根据第一 段最后一句可知,Rowan被称作"橡胶脸"正是因为他极强的肢体表达能力和 塑造能力。

38. Which movie didn't Rowan appear in?

    1. Four Weddings and aFuneral.
    2. The Lion King.
    3. Johnny English (2003) .
    4. Johnny English Reborn (2011).

    答案 B

    细节题。题目问的是哪一部影片中罗温没有出现。根据第二段, 在电影《狮子王》中,罗温是为红嘴犀鸟沙祖配音,并演唱《我等不及当国王》, 所以电影中看不到本人的身影。

39. Why did Rowan want to retire the character Mr. Bean in 2012?

    1. He found italittle sad to beachild.
    2. He found italittle sad to be childlike.
    3. He found italittle sad to be childlike at the age of 50s.
    4. He found italittle sad to presentachildlike performance.

    答案 C

40. What can NOT be learned about Rowan Atkinson?

    1. He has natural gifts for comedy.
    2. Mr. Bean is his best known role.
    3. He is loved by fans all over the world.
    4. He retired his beloved character Mr. Bean in 2012.

    答案 D

    细节题。题目问的是关于罗温哪一项是不正确的。根据全文信 息,A"他有喜剧天赋",B"他最出名的角色是憨豆先生"C"他被全世界的粉 丝广为喜爱"与原文相符。D选项"他在2012年退演了他心爱的角色憨豆先生" 根据文章第三段第二句罗温有停演的意向,但并没有明确的停演行动。

Blog and Comments

The biog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. I am starting to worry about the electric car. Not the thing itself; I've found electric vehicles to be superior to their fossil- powered predecessors in just about every important way, and although Iamacar-crazy Californian, I don't expect to buyalung-destroying, pollution-spewing gas car ever again.

But electric motors are merelyapower source, notapanacea. From General Motors' Super Bowl ads to President Biden' s climate- change plans, plug-in cars are now being cast asacentral player in America's response toawarming future — turningaperfectly reasonable technological hope into overblown hype.

The planet will be much better off if we switch to electric cars. But gauzy visions of the guilt-free highways of tomorrow could easily distract us from the larger and more entrenched problem with America's transportation system. That problem isn't just gas-fueled cars but car-fueled lives—a view of the world in which huge private automobiles are the default methods of getting around.

In this way E. V. s representavery American answer to climate change: To deal with an expensive, dangerous, extremely resource-intensive machine that has helped bring about the destruction of the planet, let's all buy this new version, which runs onadifferent fuel. During his time as mayor of South Bend, Ind., Pete Buttigieg, the new secretary of transportation, advocated plans to reduce car dependency.

But asking Americans to begin to imagineafuture of fewer, smaller cars and less driving will beagreat political heave. I can already imagine the Fox News segments pillorying Biden and Mayor Pete for their "war" on S.U.V. s and pickup trucks.

41. What is the passage mainly about?

    1. The promotion of electric motors is overblown.
    2. Electric cars can do no help to the warming climate.
    3. Electric cars are not so good as the author has imagined.
    4. The future will be better if we all turn to electric motors.

    答案 A

    主旨题。题目问的是文章主要关注的内容。通过文章可知作者认为 电动汽车比燃油汽车在各方面都有优势,但担心对电动汽车的推广太过。作者认为 真正改善环境需要减少对汽车的依赖,与A 选项相符。电动汽车并非对气候变暖没 有任何都助,B 选项不正确。电动汽车没有作者想象得好,与第一段内容相悖,所以C 选项不正确。D 选项说大家都选择电动汽车,未来会更好,与文章中作者对电动汽车 的担忧相悖,所以不正确。

42. According to the author, which is the correct attitude toward electric cars?

    1. People should switch to electric cars to reduce pollution.
    2. People should turn to fuel-save machines instead.
    3. It isn't the final resort to solve the global warming problem.
    4. Electric car should be promoted more effectively.

    答案 C

    细节题。题目问的是按作者观点,对电动汽车的正确态度是什么。A 选项应选择电动汽车去减少污染",B 选项"应选择节能车",都与作者认为的最根本 的解决环境污染的方案"减少对汽车的依赖"不一致,故AB 都不正确。C 选项"电动 汽车并不是解决全球变暖问题的最终解决方法",与作者态度一致。D 选项"应该大 力推厂电动汽车"更与作者态度相悖。

43. What is indicated in paragraph 5?

    1. It is very easy to promote less driving life through political method.
    2. Pete Buttigieg believes only the reduction of car dependency can help to solve the warming climate.
    3. Fox News plays an effective role in the perception change toward electric cars.
    4. The majority support the reduction of resource-intensive machines.

    答案 B

    细节题。题目间的是第五段表明了什么。根据第五段第二句"But asking Americans to begin to imagineafuture of fewer, smaller cars and less driving will be?great political heave"可知推行少开车在政治上并不是一件容易的事,A 选项 错误。B 洗项与第五段第一句话"...Pete Butigieg,the new secretary of transportation， advocate plans to reduce car dependency,"相印证,B 选项正确。第五段最后一句 "...imagine the Pox News segments pillorying Biden and Mayor Pete for their " war' on S. U. V. s an

44. Which comment presentanegative attitude toward reduction of car dependency?

    1. Comment 1.
    2. Comment 2.
    3. Comment 3.
    4. None.

    答案 A

    细节题。题目问的是哪一项评论对减少汽车依赖持消极态度。评论

45. How does the electric car pollute the environment according to Comment 3?

    1. Earth material.
    2. Extraction.
    3. Manipulation.
    4. The battery.

    答案 D

    细节题。题目问的是根据评论3 电动汽车如何污染环境。评论3 指 出:对电动汽车洁净、对生态好的形象提出的一个质疑就是电动汽车的电池对环境 的影响对电池组成材料的提取、使用和处置都会导致碳排放和对空气和水的污染。