Part IV 完形填空

Cloze (10 points) choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. Is homework beneficial or harmful? From painting to book reports, to research projects, the type and amount of homework given to students have been debated for over a century. In the early 1900s, progressive education theorists criticized homework's negative impact on children's physical and mental health, leading California to ban homework for students under 15. Public opinion swayed in favor of homework in the 1950s due to concerns about keeping up with the technological advances. Today, kindergarten to fifth graders have an average of 2.9 hours of homework per week, and ninth to twelfth graders have 3.5 hours per teacher, meaning a high school student with five teachers could have 17.5 hours of homeworkaweek. Teenagers now spend about twice as much time on homework each day as compared to teens in the 1990s. Supporters of homework say that it improves student achievement and allows for independent learning of classroom and life skills. They also say that homework gives parents the opportunity to monitor their child's learning and see how they are progressing academically. Opponents argue that too much homework may be harmful for students as it can increase stress, reduce leisure and sleep time, and lead to cheating. They also believe that it widens social inequality and is not proven to be beneficial for younger children.

46. 1. from
    2. with
    3. to
    4. by

    答案 C

    本题考查的是介词短语。横线所在分句与前面"From painting to book reports"是并列关系，此处省略了from。根据常见的介词短语"from..to …"可以判断，此处应填to。

47. 1. debated
    2. praised
    3. ignored
    4. perceived

    答案 A

    本题考查的是动词的辨析。debate"讨论，辩论";praise"赞美， 表扬";ignore"不理睬，忽视";perceive"认为，理解"。根据首句的提问， 可知本文在讨论家庭作业到底有好处还是坏处。所以在过去的一个世纪里， 人们应该是在对作业的类型和数量一直有争论。

48. 1. parents'
    2. homework's
    3. schools'
    4. society's

    答案 B

    本题考查的是上下文的语义衔接。文章中心是在讨论家庭作业 的影响，顺应上文语义，这里进步主义教育家批评的应该是家庭作业对儿童 身心健康的负面影响。

49. 1. lead
    2. led
    3. leading
    4. having led

    答案 C

    本题考查的是对动词使用形式的辨析。空格前是完整的句子结 构，且以逗号结束，逗号后面应该是前面主句的状语部分，应该使用动词的 非谓语形式，故排除A选项。分析句意，加州禁止15岁以下的学生做家庭作业， 与主句是主动关系，所以排除表达被动关系的B选项。这里不需要强调已经完 成，所以不需要使用完成形式的分词，排除D选项。此处用现在分词表示结果 符合语义。

50. 1. hope
    2. case
    3. time
    4. favor

    答案 D

    本题考查的是上下文的语义衔接。分析空格所在句语义，前面 说"在20世纪50年代，公众对于作业的观点发生了变化(sway)",最后提到产生 这种变化的原因""要跟上技术的进步",所以可以判断这里公众的观点与前 文提到的加州的做法是不同的。因此判断本句应该是指家长转向支持做家庭 作业。四个选项带入分别是：in-hope of""抱着……的希望"";in case of" "以防"";in time of""在……时期"";in favor of""支持，赞成""。

51. 1. saying
    2. claiming
    3. requiring
    4. meaning

    答案 D

    本题考查的是动词词义辨析。say" 说";claim"声称，断言" require "需要，要求"; mean"意味着，表示……的意思"。空格处是用动 词的现在分词作状语。再根据前后的语义关系，通过前面提到不同年级学生 每周的作业时间就可以推断出后面一个高中生每周的作业情况，因此用mean "意味着""最符合。

52. 1. because
    2. as
    3. unless
    4. though

    答案 B

    本题考查的是倍数的表达方式。这里主要是考查""倍数+ as+much+A(不可数名词)+ as…"的搭配，表示"……是A 的两倍"。带入句 中，这里表示现在的青少年每天花在家庭作业上的时间是20世纪90年代所花 时间的两倍。

53. 1. Supporters
    2. Consultants
    3. Critics
    4. Suppliers

    答案 A

    本题考查的是名词词义辨析。supporter"支持者；拥护者"; consultant"顾问";critic"批评家，评论员";supplier"供应商，供应者"。根 据文章上下文及空格所在句的内容"...say that it improves student achievement and allows for independent learning..."判断本段主要是家庭作业支持者的观点。

54. 1. prove
    2. punish
    3. monitor
    4. simplify

    答案 C

    本题考查的是动词词义辨析。prove"证实，证明";punish"处 罚，惩罚";monitor"监视；监听";simplify"使简易，简化"。根据句意， 支持者对家庭作业持赞成态度，应该是认为家长可以通过家庭作业来监管孩 子的学习情况，monitor 最符合语义。

55. 1. many
    2. much
    3. little
    4. few

    答案 B

    本题考查的是限定词的辨析。家庭作业的反对者自然是认为太 多的作业对学生有害。故排除意思为"少"的C和D选项。homework 为不可 名词，排除修饰可数名词复数的many。much可以修饰不可数名词。