Part IV 完形填空

Cloze · 10 分

In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer for each blank.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is more present in our lives than ever. With varied uses, AI can predict what we want to see as we browse social media, as well as helping to solve global challenges like hunger, environmental changes, and epidemics. This technology has countless applications in the real world. A McKinsey survey illustrates that AI adoption followed a(n) upward trend in the year 2021 and continues to do so. According to the survey, "56 percent of all respondents report AI adoption in at least one function." However, AI technology is not always beneficial — AI can violate privacy, AI-generated output cannot always be explained, and AI can be biased. When the data feeding an AI system is not representative of the diversity and plurality of our societies, it can produce discriminatory outcomes. An often-cited example is facial recognition technology. Used to access mobile phones and bank accounts, it's also being increasingly employed by law enforcement authorities. With emerging problems accurately identifying women and darker-skinned people, facial recognition is far from being perfected. This is not surprising when you look at how AI is developed: Only 1 in 10 software developers worldwide are women. Furthermore, developers come overwhelmingly from western countries. Therefore, AI ethics policies should be formulated from the start.

译文 / 解析

讨论人工智能的广泛应用及其偏见、隐私等问题，呼吁从一开始制定伦理政策。

人工智能比以往任何时候都更融入我们的生活。它既可以预测我们在社交媒体上想看到的内容，也能帮助应对饥饿、环境变化和流行病等全球挑战，在现实中有无数应用。麦肯锡调查显示，2021年 AI 采用呈上升趋势，56% 的受访者报告至少在一个职能中采用了 AI。

然而 AI 并不总是有益：可能侵犯隐私、输出难以解释，还可能带有偏见。当训练数据不能代表社会的多样性时，就会产生歧视性结果。人脸识别常被用来解锁手机和银行账户，也被执法部门使用，但在识别女性和深色皮肤人群时仍有问题。全球仅十分之一软件开发者是女性，且开发者绝大多数来自西方国家。因此，应从一开始就制定 AI 伦理政策。

1. predict
2. change
3. prove
4. order
答案 A

浏览社交媒体时 AI 能“预测”用户想看的内容。
1. as long as
2. as well as
3. as far as
4. as much as
答案 B

预测内容与解决全球挑战是并列功能，用 as well as。
1. applications
2. drawbacks
3. concerns
4. devices
答案 A

现实世界中有无数“应用”。
1. backward
2. downward
3. outward
4. upward
答案 D

continues to do so 说明呈上升趋势。
1. report
2. conduct
3. reform
4. analyze
答案 A

受访者“报告”至少在一个职能中采用了 AI。
1. possible
2. beneficial
3. unusual
4. random
答案 B

后文列举负面问题，说明并非总是有益。
1. praised
2. updated
3. confused
4. biased
答案 D

与侵犯隐私等并列的负面问题：有偏见。
1. review
2. reflect
3. produce
4. question
答案 C

数据不具代表性会“产生”歧视性结果。
1. accounts
2. clerks
3. branches
4. interests
答案 A

bank accounts 为固定搭配。
1. Otherwise
2. However
3. Furthermore
4. Consequently
答案 C

补充开发者多来自西方国家，表递进。